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YAVUZ SULTÂN SELîM HÂN

        Osmanlı sultanlarının dokuzuncusu, İslâm halifelerinin yetmiş dördüncüsü. Sultan İkinci Bâyezîd Hanın oğlu olup, annesi Dulkadirli âilesinden Âişe Hâtundur. 1470 yılında Amasya’da doğdu. Şehzâdeliğinde, devrin âlimlerinden mükemmel bir tahsil ve terbiye gördü. Arap, Fars dilleriyle yüksek din ve fen ilimlerini öğrendi. Askerî sevk ve idâre ile devlet yöneticiliğini öğrenmesi için şehzâdeliğinde Trabzon Vâliliğine gönderildi.
        Trabzon’da başlayan devlet idâreciliğinde, pehlivan yapılı vücûdu, devrin silâhlarını kullanmadaki mahâreti, Müslümanlara hayranlık ve rahatlık, düşmanlara korku ve dehşet verdi. İdâreciliğini Trabzon dışına da taşırarak, Osmanlı Devleti aleyhine propaganda yapan âsileri tâkip ettirdi. Trabzonluları rahat bırakmayan Gürcüler üzerine üç sefer yaptı. 1508 Kütayis Seferinde Kars, Erzurum, Artvin illeriyle on beş mahalli fethederek Osmanlı topraklarına kattı. Buralarda yaşayan Gürcülerin hepsi Müslüman oldu. Diğer taraftan Şah İsmâil’in Doğu Anadolu’da artan ve Akdeniz sâhilleriyle İç Anadolu içlerine ve Rumeli’ye kadar varan propagandasına karşı, gâyet şiddetli tedbirler aldı. Şah İsmâil’in gâyesi ve propagandasının neticesini iyi tespit ettiğinden, daha köklü tedbirler alınması gerektiğini teşhis etti. Vâlilik selâhiyetiyle bütün ülkede, Şâh İsmail’in faaliyetlerinin önüne geçilemeyeceğini bildiğinden, şehzâdeler meselesinden faydalanarak, Osmanlı tahtına namzed oldu. Babası İkinci Bâyezîd Han hayatta olmasına rağmen, Şehzâde Ahmed ve Korkud Osmanlı Sultanı olmak için faaliyetlerde bulunduğundan, Şehzâde Selim de harekete geçti. Uzun mücâdelelerden sonra, 24 Nisan 1512 târihinde, Osmanlı Sultanı olup, babası İkinci Bâyezîd Hanı yılda iki milyon akçe tahsisatla Dimetoka’ya, büyük hürmet göstererek maiyetiyle berâber yolcu etti. Babası 26 Mayıs 1512 târihinde yolda vefât edince, cenâzesini İstanbul’a getirtti. Bâyezîd Câmii yanına türbe yaptırıp, buraya defnettirdi.

ENGLSH

YAVUZ SULTÂN SELîM HÂN

Yavuz Sultan Selim was born on 10th October 1470. His father was Sultan Bayezid II and his mother was Gulbahar Sultana from Dulkadirogulları State. Selim I was a tall and a strong man. He was a very brave soldier and naturally tough. He was very well educated. Selim was very much interested in science and theology beside the governmental issues. He attended the lessons of famous scholar Mevlana Abdulhalim.

During the sultanate of his father Bayezid II, Selim was appointed as the Governor of Trabizon (The Black Sea Region of Anatolia). He learnt the administrative regulations and the military system of the Empire there. He ruled the region very successfully. He improved the Ottoman relations with the neighbourhood states. He organised three campaigns to Georgia against their continuos anti-Ottoman propagandas. With these successful campaigns Selim invaded Kars, Erzurum, Artvin (1508). All the Georgians living in those regions converted to Islam.

Selim was a brilliant rider and a successful fencer. He was very good at wrestling and archery too. He had a military spirit but he was fond of arts as well. He was very modest; for example; he was used to eat only one sort of food from a wooden plate, in every meal.

He never liked vanity, never spent the Empire’s money. During his reign, the treasury was completely full. He sealed the treasury and bequeathed as fallow;

“If any of my successors could fill the treasury as much as I did, would use his own seal, otherwise they all will use my seal”.

This will was kept by Selim’s successors, as none of the Sultans came after him, could have been filled the treasury as much as he did, his seal was used to lock the treasury for centuries.

Although his ancestors were all bearded, he always shaved his beard. He also had an earring.

He died on 22th September 1520 because of cancer. He was just fifty years old. The historians agreed on that, he had short but a very brilliant career.